CERN: Σωματίδια ξεπέρασαν την ταχύτητα του φωτός (Particles found to break speed of light)

Το σωματίδιο του ''Θεού'' περιμέναμε να ανακαλύψουν στα έγκατα της Ελβετίας, ανατροπή της θεωρίας του Αϊνστάιν καταλήξαμε να έχουμε. Όπως φαίνεται στο άρθρο του Robert Evans στο Reuters.com (και αναδημοσιεύει το tvxs.gr) επιστήμονες φαίνεται πως κατέγραψαν σωματίδια να κινούνται με ταχύτητα μεγαλύτερη εκείνης του φωτός.Δεν ξέρω αν το αποτέλεσμα αυτό θα επηρεάσει την πορεία του πειράματος ή θα φέρει αλλαγές σε θεμελιώδεις θεωρίες της Φυσικής.

Περίπου 15.000 δέσμες νετρίνων - μικροσκοπικών σωματιδίων που διαποτίζουν το σύμπαν - απελευθερώθηκαν σε διάστημα 3 ετών από το CERN προς το εργαστήριο του Gran Sasso 730 χλμ. μακριά, όπου εντοπίστηκαν από γιγαντιαίους ανιχνευτές.

Το φως θα είχε καλύψει τη συγκεκριμένη απόσταση σε περίπου 2,4 χιλιοστά του δευτερολέπτου, αλλά τα νετρίνα έφτασαν σε 60 νανοδευτερόλεπτα ή 60 δισεκατομμυριοστά του δευτερολέπτου νωρίτερα.

Ο εκπρόσωπος της ομάδας των ερευνητών, Αντόνιο Ερεντιτάτο δήλωσε στο Reuters πως μετρήσεις των τελευταίων 3 ετών έδειξαν ότι νετρίνα κινούνταν με ταχύτητα 60 νανοδευτερολέπτων, γρηγορότερα απ' ότι το φως.

«Έχουμε μεγάλη εμπιστοσύνη στα αποτελέσματά μας. Έχουμε ελέγξει και ξαναελέγξει για οτιδήποτε δεν θα επιβεβαίωνε τα στοιχεία μας, αλλά δε βρήκαμε τίποτα. Τώρα ζητούμε από συναδέλφους να τα ελέγξουν ανεξάρτητα», επισήμανε.

Σε περίπτωση που τα ευρήματα επιβεβαιωθούν, τότε η ανακάλυψη θα ανατρέψει τη θεωρία της σχετικότητας που διατύπωσε ο Άλμπερτ Αϊνστάιν το 1905, σύμφωνα με την οποία η ταχύτητα του φωτός είναι μια «κοσμική σταθερά» και τίποτα στο σύμπαν δεν θα μπορούσε να ταξιδέψει γρηγορότερα.


 An international team of scientists said on Thursday they had recorded sub-atomic particles traveling faster than light -- a finding that could overturn one of Einstein's long-accepted fundamental laws of the universe.

Antonio Ereditato, spokesman for the researchers, told Reuters that measurements taken over three years showed neutrinos pumped from CERN near Geneva to Gran Sasso in Italy had arrived 60 nanoseconds quicker than light would have done.

"We have high confidence in our results. We have checked and rechecked for anything that could have distorted our measurements but we found nothing," he said. "We now want colleagues to check them independently."

If confirmed, the discovery would undermine Albert Einstein's 1905 theory of special relativity, which says that the speed of light is a "cosmic constant" and that nothing in the universe can travel faster.

That assertion, which has withstood over a century of testing, is one of the key elements of the so-called Standard Model of physics, which attempts to describe the way the universe and everything in it works.

The totally unexpected finding emerged from research by a physicists working on an experiment dubbed OPERA run jointly by the CERN particle research center near Geneva and the Gran Sasso Laboratory in central Italy.

A total of 15,000 beams of neutrinos -- tiny particles that pervade the cosmos -- were fired over a period of 3 years from CERN toward Gran Sasso 730 (500 miles) km away, where they were picked up by giant detectors.

Light would have covered the distance in around 2.4 thousandths of a second, but the neutrinos took 60 nanoseconds -- or 60 billionths of a second -- less than light beams would have taken.

"It is a tiny difference," said Ereditato, who also works at Berne University in Switzerland, "but conceptually it is incredibly important. The finding is so startling that, for the moment, everybody should be very prudent."

Ereditato declined to speculate on what it might mean if other physicists, who will be officially informed of the discovery at a meeting in CERN on Friday, found that OPERA's measurements were correct.

"I just don't want to think of the implications," he told Reuters. "We are scientists and work with what we know."

Much science-fiction literature is based on the idea that, if the light-speed barrier can be overcome, time travel might theoretically become possible.

The existence of the neutrino, an elementary sub-atomic particle with a tiny amount of mass created in radioactive decay or in nuclear reactions such as those in the Sun, was first confirmed in 1934, but it still mystifies researchers.

It can pass through most matter undetected, even over long distances, and without being affected. Millions pass through the human body every day, scientists say.

To reach Gran Sasso, the neutrinos pushed out from a special installation at CERN -- also home to the Large Hadron Collider probing the origins of the universe -- have to pass through water, air and rock.

The underground Italian laboratory, some 120 km (75 miles) to the south of Rome, is the largest of its type in the world for particle physics and cosmic research.

Around 750 scientists from 22 different countries work there, attracted by the possibility of staging experiments in its three massive halls, protected from cosmic rays by some 1,400 metres (4,200 feet) of rock overhead.


Πηγή: tvxs.gr
          reuters.com